Fully integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is one of the most important blocks in the implementation of a single chip in today's wireless communication system. In this paper design and analysis of the ultra wideband and low phase noise linear LC VCO with low current consumption is presented. The MOS varactor is used to realize a wide tuning range. The phase noise level of the VCO is  -117.381 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset and -127.2 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset. The Kvco ratio is about 1.24 GHz/V. The proposed topology gives a linear wide tuning range from 4.29 GHz to 5.29 GHz. Considering a 3.2V supply voltage the DC current consumption is about 3.13 mA and FOM of the proposed VCO is -187.5. This is the significant advantage of this circuit over previous works.

In this article, after defining a conceptional framework for defining and measuring shadow economy in Iran a close attention is also paid to a more precise definition of shadow economy itself. It is also tried to estimate it' s changing process and size during 1975-2007 based on the new definition.Direct and indirect approaches are also briefly discussed to estimate the shadow economy. Then, the strengths and weaknesses of each method are pointed out. So far, almost all of the researches carried out in Iran regarding estimation of shadow economy have mainly focused on structural equation modeling approach using Lisrel. Here in this paper for the first, time both structural equation modeling software programs of Amos Graphics and Lisrel are applied to estimate the shadow economy in Iran. A comparison of the process and output of both software packages is also done in this research. Finally, in addition to investigating the direct effects of the causal variables, the interactional effects of them on latent variable of the shadow economy are also analyzed.

Today, women have a strategic role to play in sustainable development as half population of the society. Investing in women’ s empowerment means investing in sustainable development. The main aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the empowerment of married women in East Azarbaijan province. The method of study is quantitative and the data were collected using a questionnaire. According to the latest census (2016), the statistical population of the study included 1203062 married women in East Azarbaijan province from whom 1134 individuals were selected based on the Cochran formula and via multi-stage cluster sampling as a sample of the study. In general, the research findings showed that 1. The level of psychological empowerment of married women in East Azerbaijan province is higher than the average (75. 15%). Based on the results of path analysis, the direct, indirect, and total effects of economic, social, cultural, and psychological capital structures on women's empowerment were significant and could explain 66% of the variance of the dependent variable (women empowerment). Comparing the beta coefficients of regression analysis, it can be said that women's empowerment is mostly affected by the variable of psychological capital (0. 68).

In the recent decades an effective factor on success of organization is knowledge creation which has been taken in to account by many scholars especially in management field. Regarding that, in this article we try to comparative study the level of knowledge creation between Isfahan and Isfahan Medicine universities and the effects of factors such as social communication, organizational culture and social capital on it. Due to this a survey was conducted on a sample of 288 professors of those two universities. Using F and T test, besides path analysis (applying Amos graphics for calculating their coefficients), findings indicate that average of knowledge creation in Isfehan University is more than Isfehan Medicine University. Secondly due to the results of path analysis, the effects of social communication, organizational culture and social capital on knowledge creation are significant and these variables can explain 35% of changes of dependant variable.

This paper presents a 2-bit programmable digital metasurface for real-time beam steering applications at X-band. Tunability of the metasurface is provided by employing a varactor in the unit cell structure to control each unit cell independently. This ability leads to achieve beam steering capability in both elevation and azimuth directions. The structure is designed so that the biasing circuit has no electrical connection to the MS ground. The equivalent circuit model of the unit cell is also presented to better investigate its physical behaviour. Furthermore, the effects of number of unit cells and states of reflection phase on far-field pattern are investigated. Finally, the numerical results are compared to analytical ones, where a good agreement between them is observed.

A reconfigurable compact small size multiband meander line power divider with low insertion loss using two varactor diodes is presented in this paper. Design methods along with analysis equations are provided. The reconfigurable responses are realized by tuning the controlling voltages of the two varactor diodes thereby resulting compact size and less loss. One diode is used to tune the return loss of the input port and the other diode is utilized to tune the return loss of the two output ports and the isolation between the two ports. The tuning frequency range is from 0.8 GHz to 1.2 GHz. By tuning the bias voltages of the diodes, power divider can operate in 0.8 GHz to 1.2 GHz frequency bands.  A reconfigurable power divider is designed, fabricated and measured to validate the proposed methods. The power divider has the merits of compactness, low insertion loss, good isolation between two output ports, good return loss, and only two varactor diodes.

Since Huygens structures with phase shift lead to beam rotation, this manuscript discusses a phase shifter structure for the Huygens surface based on Tapered Slot Transition in the frequency range of 9.95-10.2 GHz using varactor diodes. By inducing an electric field along the tracks and placing diodes, the phase can be changed up to 200 degrees. With unit cells of 0.2  -that this size is the smallest possible size for beam rotation structures - and a mega cell of 4 unit cells, incident angles of 0-15 degrees can be converted to transmitted angles of 10-45 degrees. The unit cell has been fabricated and it is shown that the measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation one.